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skip to content medulla oblongata , medulla.life medulla oblongata – medical story and others menu win money games join us , subscribe dating cheapest flight free travel blog medulla oblongata our sponsor scroll down to content posts posted on mesothelioma mesothelioma is a type of cancer that develops from the thin layer of tissue that covers many of the internal organs (known as the mesothelium ). the most common area affected is the lining of the lungs and chest wall . less commonly the lining of the abdomen and rarely the sac surrounding the heart , or the sac surrounding the testis may be affected. signs and symptoms of mesothelioma may include shortness of breath due to fluid around the lung , a swollen abdomen, chest wall pain, cough, feeling tired, and weight loss.these symptoms typically come on slowly. prevention centers around reducing exposure to asbestos. treatment often includes surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. a procedure known as pleurodesis, which involves using substances such as talc to scar together the pleura, may be used to prevent more fluid from building up around the lungs. chemotherapy often includes the medications cisplatin and pemetrexed. the percentage of people that survive five years following diagnosis is on average 8% in the united states. in 2015 about 60,800 people had mesothelioma and 32,000 died from the disease. rates of mesothelioma vary in different areas of the world. rates are higher in australia, the united kingdom, and lower in japan. it occurs in about 3,000 people per year in the united states. it occurs more often in males than females. rates of disease have increased since the 1950s. diagnosis typically occurs after the age of 65 and most deaths occur around 70 years old. the disease was rare before the commercial use of asbestos. signs and symptoms pleural mesothelioma symptoms or signs of mesothelioma may not appear until 20 to 50 years (or more) after exposure to asbestos. shortness of breath, cough, and pain in the chest due to an accumulation of fluid in the pleural space (pleural effusion) are often symptoms of pleural mesothelioma. mesothelioma that affects the pleura can cause these signs and symptoms: · chest wall pain · pleural effusion, or fluid surrounding the lung · shortness of breath · fatigue or anemia · wheezing, hoarseness, or a cough · blood in the sputum (fluid) coughed up (hemoptysis) in severe cases, the person may have many tumor masses. the individual may develop a pneumothorax, or collapse of the lung. the disease may metastasize, or spread to other parts of the bod. peritoneal mesothelioma the most common symptoms of peritoneal mesothelioma are abdominal swelling and pain due to ascites (a buildup of fluid in the abdominal cavity). other features may include weight loss, fever, night sweats, poor appetite, vomiting, constipation, and umbilical hernia. [15] if the cancer has spread beyond the mesothelium to other parts of the body, symptoms may include pain, trouble swallowing, or swelling of the neck or face. these symptoms may be caused by mesothelioma or by other, less serious conditions. tumors that affect the abdominal cavity often do not cause symptoms until they are at a late stage. symptoms include: · abdominal pain · ascites, or an abnormal buildup of fluid in the abdomen · a mass in the abdomen · problems with bowel function · weight loss pericardial mesothelioma pericardial mesothelioma is not well characterized, but observed cases have included cardiac symptoms, specifically constrictive pericarditis, heart failure, pulmonary embolism, and cardiac tamponade. they have also included nonspecific symptoms, including substernal chest pain, orthopnea (shortness of breath when lying flat), and cough. these symptoms are caused by the tumor encasing or infiltrating the heart. end stage mesothelioma in severe cases of the disease, the following signs and symptoms may be present: · blood clots in the veins, which may cause thrombophlebitis · disseminated intravascular coagulation, a disorder causing severe bleeding in many body organs · jaundice, or yellowing of the eyes and skin · low blood sugar level · pleural effusion · pulmonary emboli, or blood clots in the arteries of the lungs · severe ascites if a mesothelioma forms metastases, these most commonly involve the liver, adrenal gland, kidney, or other lung. cause working with asbestos is the most common risk factor for mesothelioma. however, mesothelioma has been reported in some individuals without any known exposure to asbestos. asbestos the incidence of mesothelioma has been found to be higher in populations living near naturally occurring asbestos. people can be exposed to naturally occurring asbestos in areas where mining or road construction is occurring, or when the asbestos-containing rock is naturally weathered. another common route of exposure is through asbestos-containing soil, which is used to whitewash, plaster, and roof houses in greece. in central cappadocia, turkey, mesothelioma was causing 50% of all deaths in three small villages—tuzköy, karain, and sarıhıdır. initially, this was attributed to erionite. environmental exposure to asbestos has caused mesothelioma in places other than turkey, including corsica, greece, cyprus, china, and california. in the northern greek mountain town of metsovo, this exposure had resulted in mesothelioma incidence around 300 times more than expected in asbestos-free populations, and was associated with very frequent pleural calcification known as “metsovo lung”. the documented presence of asbestos fibers in water supplies and food products has fostered concerns about the possible impact of long-term and, as yet, unknown exposure of the general population to these fibers. occupational exposure to asbestos fibers has been recognized as an occupational health hazard since the early 20th century. numerous epidemiological studies have associated occupational exposure to asbestos with the development of pleural plaques, diffuse pleural thickening, asbestosis, carcinoma of the lung and larynx, gastrointestinal tumors, and diffuse malignant mesothelioma of the pleura and peritoneum. asbestos has been widely used in many industrial products, including cement, brake linings, gaskets, roof shingles, flooring products, textiles, and insulation. [36] commercial asbestos mining at wittenoom, western australia, took place from 1937 to 1966. the first case of mesothelioma in the town occurred in 1960. the second case was in 1969, and new cases began to appear more frequently thereafter. the lag time between initial exposure to asbestos and the development of mesothelioma varied from 12 years 9 months up to 58 years. a cohort study of miners employed at the mine reported that 85 deaths attributable to mesothelioma had occurred by 1985. by 1994, 539 reported deaths due to mesothelioma had been reported in western australia. occupational exposure to asbestos in the united states mainly occurs when people are maintaining buildings that already have asbestos. approximately 1.3 million us workers are exposed to asbestos annually; in 2002, an estimated 44,000 miners were potentially exposed to asbestos. paraoccupational secondary exposure family members and others living with asbestos workers have an increased risk of developing mesothelioma, and possibly other asbestos-related diseases. this risk may be the result of exposure to asbestos dust brought home on the clothing and hair of asbestos workers via washing a worker’s clothes or coming into contact with asbestos-contaminated work clothing. to reduce the chance of exposing family members to asbestos fibres, asbestos workers are usually required to shower and change their clothing before leaving the workplace. asbestos in buildings many building materials used in both public and domestic premises prior to the banning of asbestos may contain asbestos. those performing renovation works or diyactivities may expose themselves to
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